data type

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun In programming, a classification identifying one of various types of data, as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, stating the possible values for that type, the operations that can be done on that type, and the way the values of that type are stored.
• noun In databases or spreadsheets, a classification identifying one of various kinds of data, as a name, date, or dollar amount, found in a specific data field.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun computing a classification or category of various types of data, that states the possible values that can be taken, how they are stored, and what range of operations are allowed on them